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لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ ، وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ ، وهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
"There is none worthy of worship except Allah alone, without any partner. To Him belongs all sovereignty and all praise, and He has power over all things."
Imagine standing under the open sky on the plain of Arafah, surrounded by over 100,000 pilgrims, and seeing the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) for the very first time. For most of the companions gathered that day, it was exactly that. Their first sight of him, their first sermon from him, and as it would turn out, their last.
That moment was the Day of Arafah, the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, and Muslim scholars across history have called it the best day of the year. In 2026, the Day of Arafah falls on Tuesday, 26 May.
Of all the rituals of Hajj, the tawaaf, the sa'ee, the stoning, the qurbani, it is the standing at Arafah that scholars describe as the ultimate pillar. A pilgrim who misses Arafah has missed Hajj itself. Everything else can, in some narrations, be made up. Arafah cannot.
The reason is the activity of the day. Arafah is not a day of motion. It is a day of du'a. The Prophet (peace be upon him) taught that supplication itself is worship, and the entire Day of Arafah is one extended act of standing before Allah, asking, weeping, praising and repenting. As one contemporary scholar puts it: "If du'a is worship, then Arafah is the core of Hajj, because Arafah is a day of du'a."
The Prophet (peace be upon him) also made it clear that no spot on the plain of Arafah is holier than another. He said: "All of Arafah is a place of standing." He anticipated that one day millions of pilgrims would crowd his footsteps, and he wanted no part of that. Stand wherever you are, and call upon Allah.
The Prophet's (peace be upon him) Day of Arafah was structured around two acts of speech. First, he spoke to the people, his community, gathered for the only time in such numbers. Then he turned, raised his hands, and spoke to Allah. Both halves matter, and both are part of what we inherit from him.
Before the day even began, he made one practical decision that scholars still study today. He combined his Dhuhr and Asr prayers at the beginning of Dhuhr time, so that the du'a of Arafah would not be interrupted. He prayed early so that he could spend the rest of the day in unbroken supplication. The lesson is for us too: protect the time of Arafah from distraction.
Picture this. Tens of thousands of people. No microphones. No loudspeakers. The companions later said the Prophet's (peace be upon him) voice carried so far that pilgrims sitting inside their distant tents could still hear him clearly, a miracle of that day. He stood on his camel, rode slowly through the crowd, and spoke.
He began by warning them: "Listen carefully to me. I do not know, perhaps I will not meet you after this year." Most of them did not understand. He did. This was his Farewell.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) then delivered what is now known as the Khutbah of the Farewell Hajj. Seven of its messages are the foundations on which Muslims have built their communities for fourteen centuries:
01 The sanctity of blood and wealth"Your blood and your wealth are as sacred upon each other as this day, in this month, in this city." Killing a Muslim, or stealing from one, is as grave as desecrating the Ka'bah itself. | 02 The end of tribal feuds"All of the blood-feuds between you are crushed under my foot." And he began with his own family, abolishing the historical claim of his own tribe first. |
03 The abolition of ribaInterest and usury, the system by which the rich grow richer and the poor grow poorer, was forbidden. "The first riba I abolish is the riba of my uncle." | 04 The first declaration against racism"There is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab, nor of one who is white over one who is black, nor of one who is black over one who is white." The first such declaration in recorded human history. |
05 The rights of women"Treat your women well." He outlined the rights of women over their husbands, and the rights of husbands over their wives, establishing the foundation of the Muslim family. | 06 Unity, not violence"Do not return after me to disbelief, striking each other's necks." Muslims must not fight one another, internal violence breaks the community. |
07 Carry the message forward"Let those of you who are present convey to those who are absent." A single command that would carry Islam from the plain of Arafah to every continent on Earth. |
In the middle of the Khutbah, a verse of the Qur'an descended upon the Prophet (peace be upon him). The early scholars record that no further rulings or legislation came after this verse. It was, in effect, the seal of revelation:
“
Today I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favour upon you, and chosen Islam as your religion.— Surah Al-Ma'idah
A Jewish man would later come to the Caliph Umar (RA) and say: "You have a verse in your Book. If it had been revealed upon us, we would have made the day of its revelation a festival." Umar (RA) replied: "I remember when it was revealed. It was a Friday, on the Day of Arafah, in the Farewell Hajj."
This is one of the deeper meanings of Arafah for the believer. It is the day on which our religion was sealed. Whatever rulings came after that, and there were some, were affirmations of what had already been revealed. The structure of Islam, by the end of Arafah, was complete.
What is striking about the end of the Khutbah is the humility of the Prophet (peace be upon him). After delivering this seismic message, racism abolished, riba abolished, the family established, the religion completed, he turned to the people and asked them a question:
"You will be asked about me on the Day of Judgment. What will you say?"
And from that vast plain came the answer of more than a hundred thousand voices:
"We bear witness that you have delivered the message, that you have fulfilled the trust, and that you have given us sincere counsel."
The Prophet (peace be upon him) raised his finger to the sky and said three times: "O Allah, bear witness. O Allah, bear witness. O Allah, bear witness."
After the Khutbah, the Prophet (peace be upon him) turned from the people and turned to Allah. The companions narrate that he raised his hands to the sky and did not lower them for the rest of the day. Hours of standing. Hours of asking. They could see the white of his blessed armpits, his hands stayed so high.
What was he praying for? The narrations do not record every word, but they capture the scene. The largest gathering of believers ever assembled, in complete silence, on the best day of the year, in the most beloved place, every one of them in du'a behind their Prophet (peace be upon him). The blessings descending in that moment are beyond imagination.
And one human moment captures the intensity of his focus. His wife Maymuna (RA) saw the pilgrims becoming dehydrated in the heat. They were unsure whether the Prophet (peace be upon him) was fasting. He had forbidden them to fast on Arafah, but had not openly broken his own fast. So she sent a glass of milk to him. He was so absorbed in du'a that the companions could not even interrupt him to ask. The Prophet (peace be upon him) saw her, understood, raised the glass high so that all could see, and drank, so the people would drink too.
For pilgrims standing at Arafah, the ruling is settled: do not fast. For everyone else, fasting on Arafah is one of the most rewarded acts of the year.
Scholars cite the well-known narration that on the Day of Arafah, Allah looks upon His servants standing in supplication and calls the angels to bear witness, saying: "What is it that they are asking?" He is proud of His believers. He loves the sight of them gathered, hands raised, voices low, asking only Him.
That is what Arafah is. Not just a ritual. Not just a sermon. It is the one day every year that the believer is most clearly seen by Allah.
You do not need to be in Makkah to be honoured by this day. For Muslims here in the United Kingdom, the Sunnah practices of Arafah are accessible to all:
One final reflection from the Prophet's (peace be upon him) Khutbah: "Let those of you who are present convey to those who are absent." If this article has reached you, share it with someone who has not yet heard. That command is fourteen centuries old. It has not expired.
Make this Arafah count
Wealth given on the most beloved day of the year — to disadvantaged families in rural Pakistan, displaced Palestinian families in Egypt, Lebanon and the West Bank, and orphans sponsored by Aghosh UK across the world.
Give now →Or book your Qurbani 2026 before Eid ul Adha · aghoshuk.org/qurbani
